Fluoride
What it is
A mineral that occurs naturally in some groundwater and that many public water systems add at low levels to help prevent tooth decay.
Your body
EPA sets an enforceable limit of 4.0 mg/L and a secondary standard of 2.0 mg/L. According to EPA, long-term exposure above 4.0 mg/L has been linked to bone disease, and children exposed above 2.0 mg/L may develop dental fluorosis (tooth discoloration or pitting). A 2024 federal NTP review examined fluoride exposure above 1.5 mg/L and children’s IQ.
Your home
Fluoride does not affect plumbing.
Federal standard: MCL 4.0 ppm; secondary standard 2.0 ppm (EPA)
Treatment options that can reduce it
Maryland water systems that reported fluoride
- Baltimore City Department of Public WorksBaltimore City (also serves most of Baltimore County) · 2025 data
- City of AnnapolisAnne Arundel · 2025 data
- City of CambridgeDorchester · 2025 data
- City of FrederickFrederick · 2025 data
- City of SalisburyWicomico · 2025 data
- Easton UtilitiesTalbot · 2025 data
- Harford County Department of Public WorksHarford · 2025 data
- Howard County Department of Public WorksHoward · 2025 data
- Town of OxfordTalbot · 2025 data
- Town of St. MichaelsTalbot · 2025 data
- Town of TrappeTalbot · 2025 data
- WSSC WaterMontgomery and Prince George's · 2025 data
The information on this site is for general education only and is not medical advice. Talk with a qualified health professional about health concerns. Water treatment equipment performance depends on the system, its certification, and proper maintenance.
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